Fístula arteriovenosa pial no galénica como causa de hipertensión pulmonar y falla cardiaca en un lactante / Non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistula as cause of pulmonary hypertension and heart failure in an infant

RESUMEN Las manifestaciones clínicas de las malformaciones vasculares intracraneanas en niños incluyen las derivadas de sangrados, así como las hemodinámicas que dependen del tamaño de la malformación. Algunas pueden consumir un alto porcentaje del gasto cardiaco, y llevar a falla cardiaca o a hipertensión pulmonar derivada del hiperflujo. Se presenta el caso de un lactante con hipertensión pulmonar y falla cardiaca que fue diagnosticada tardíamente, aunque con corrección endovascular dentro de la edad recomendada y buen desenlace neurológico. Se enfatiza en la necesidad de considerar las malformaciones vasculares intracraneales dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de niños con hipertensión pulmonar que no responden al tratamiento.

SUMMARY Clinical manifestations of intracranial vascular malformations in children include those derived from bleeding, as well as hemodynamic problems due to the size of some large malformations These may consume a high percentage of cardiac output, leading to heart failure, or pulmonary hypertension. We present the case of an infant with pulmonary hypertension and heart failure who was diagnosed late, but with endovascular correction within the recommended age, and had good neurological outcome. Emphasis is placed on the need to consider intracranial vascular malformations within the differential diagnosis of children with pulmonary hypertension who do not respond to treatment.

Eficacia y seguridad del uso de novo y precoz de tacrolimus de liberación prolongada en el trasplante cardiaco / Efficacy and safety of de novo and early use of extended-release tacrolimus in heart transplantation

Introducción y objetivos: El tacrolimus de liberación prolongada (TLP) permite una dosificación única diaria, lo que simplifica el régimen inmunosupresor. El presente estudio describe la eficacia y la seguridad del uso de TLP de novo y precoz para el trasplante cardiaco. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y multicéntrico para comparar el uso de novode TLP (grupo de TLP; n = 94), tacrolimus de liberación estándar (grupo de TLE; n = 42) y la conversión precoz (CP) de TLP a TLE (grupo de CP; n = 44). El TLP se usó entre 2007 y 2012. Se analizaron la tasa de incidencia de rechazo agudo, infección e infección por citomegalovirus al primer año tras el trasplante, así como parámetros de seguridad. Resultados: Entre los grupos no hubo diferencias significativas en la dosis diaria y las concentraciones séricas de tacrolimus durante el primer año tras el trasplante. La incidencia de rechazo fue de 1,05 (IC95%, 0,51-1,54), 1,39 (IC95%, 1,00-1,78) y 1,11 (IC95%, 0,58-1,65) eventos/pacientes-años en los grupos de TLE, TLP y CP respectivamente (p = 0,48). La incidencia de infección fue de 0,75 (IC95%, 0,60-0,86), 0,62 (IC95%, 0,52-0,71) y 0,55 (IC95%, 0,40-0,68) en los grupos de TLE, TLP y CP respectivamente (p = 0,46). Se produjo infección por citomegalovirus en el 23,8, el 20,2 y el 18,2% respectivamente (p = 0,86). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en los parámetros de seguridad o la función del injerto. Falleció 1 paciente del grupo de TLE y 2 del grupo de TLP. Conclusiones: Parece que el uso de novo de TLP o la CP de TLP a TLE tienen similares eficacia y seguridad que el TLE en el trasplante cardiaco (AU)

Introduction and objectives: The extended-release formulation of tacrolimus (ERT) allows once-daily dosage, thus simplifying the immunosuppressive regimen. This study aimed to describe the safety and efficacy of the de novo and early use of ERT in heart transplantation. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, multicenter study comparing the safety and efficacy of the de novo use of ERT (ERT group [n = 94]), standard-release tacrolimus (SRT group [n = 42]) and early conversion (EC) from SRT to ERT (EC group [n = 44]). Extended-release tacrolimus was used between 2007 and 2012. One-year incidence rates of acute rejection, infection, and cytomegalovirus infection were analyzed. Safety parameters were also evaluated. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in the daily dose or trough levels of tacrolimus during the first year after transplantation. The rejection incidence rates were 1.05 (95%CI, 0.51-1.54), 1.39 (95%CI, 1.00-1.78), and 1.11 (95%CI, 0.58-1.65) episodes per patient-years in the SRT group, ERT group, and EC group, respectively (P = .48). The infection incidence rates were 0.75 (95%CI, 0.60-0.86), 0.62 (95%CI, 0.52-0.71), and 0.55 (95%CI, 0.40-0.68) in the SRT group, ERT group, and EC group, respectively (P = .46). Cytomegalovirus infection occurred in 23.8%, 20.2%, and 18.2% of the patients, respectively (P = .86). No significant between-group differences were found in laboratory tests or in allograft function. There was 1 death in the SRT group and 2 in the ERT group. Conclusions: Both de novo and early use of ERT seem to have similar safety and efficacy profiles to conventional SRT-based immunosuppression (AU)

Efficacy and Safety of de Novo and Early Use of Extended-release Tacrolimus in Heart Transplantation.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The extended-release formulation of tacrolimus (ERT) allows once-daily dosage, thus simplifying the immunosuppressive regimen. This study aimed to describe the safety and efficacy of the de novo and early use of ERT in heart transplantation. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective, multicenter study comparing the safety and efficacy of the de novo use of ERT (ERT group [n=94]), standard-release tacrolimus (SRT group [n=42]) and early conversion (EC) from SRT to ERT (EC group [n=44]). Extended-release tacrolimus was used between 2007 and 2012. One-year incidence rates of acute rejection, infection, and cytomegalovirus infection were analyzed. Safety parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant between-group differences in the daily dose or trough levels of tacrolimus during the first year after transplantation. The rejection incidence rates were 1.05 (95%CI, 0.51-1.54), 1.39 (95%CI, 1.00-1.78), and 1.11 (95%CI, 0.58-1.65) episodes per patient-years in the SRT group, ERT group, and EC group, respectively (P=.48). The infection incidence rates were 0.75 (95%CI, 0.60-0.86), 0.62 (95%CI, 0.52-0.71), and 0.55 (95%CI, 0.40-0.68) in the SRT group, ERT group, and EC group, respectively (P=.46). Cytomegalovirus infection occurred in 23.8%, 20.2%, and 18.2% of the patients, respectively (P=.86). No significant between-group differences were found in laboratory tests or in allograft function. There was 1 death in the SRT group and 2 in the ERT group. CONCLUSIONS: Both de novo and early use of ERT seem to have similar safety and efficacy profiles to conventional SRT-based immunosuppression.

Retrospective analysis of patients submitted to surgical treatment of perianal fistula in Santa Marcelina Hospital, São Paulo / Análise retrospectiva de pacientes submetidos à tratamento cirúrgico de fístula perianal no Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo

Abstract Introduction Perianal fistula is a condition commonly found in surgical practice, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 10,000 individuals, with a predisposition for the male gender, occurring mainly in patients between 30 and 50 years and in 80% of the cases originating from infection in the glandular crypts (cryptoglandular). Objective To perform a retrospective analysis using electronic medical record data of patients submitted to surgical treatment for perianal fistula in Santa Marcelina Hospital in São Paulo, as well as to verify the incidence of relapse and anal continence disorders, in addition to the complexity and types of fistulas and patient characterization. Results Two hundred patients were submitted to surgical treatment of perianal fistula were analyzed. Among men, there was a higher incidence of patients with lower educational level (p = 0.02), hypertension (0.03), diabetes (0.05), older age (p = 0.001), whereas among women previous perianal abscess predominated (0.001). There was no statistical difference in anal continence between patients submitted to fistulotomy with or without seton. Conclusion We observed a predominance of male patients and a low incidence of recurrence and symptoms of anal continence disorders, in addition to a predominance of complex fistulas.

Resumo Introdução Fístula perianal é uma condição comumente encontrada na prática cirúrgica com incidência de cerca 1 em 10000 indivíduos com predisposição para o sexo masculino, ocorrendo fundamentalmente em pacientes entre 30 e 50 anos e em 80% dos casos tem origem em infecção nas criptas glandulares (criptoglandular). Objetivo Realizar análise retrospectiva através de dados de prontuário eletrônico de pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de fístula perianal no Hospital Santa Marcelina São Paulo, além de verificar a incidência de recidiva e desordens da continência anal, além da complexidade e tipos das fístulas e caracterização dos pacientes. Resultados Duzentos pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de fístula perianal. Entre os homens houve maior incidência de pacientes com menor escolaridade (p = 0,02), hipertensos (0,03), diabéticos (0,05), maior idade (p = 0,001) e nas mulheres predominou abscesso perianal prévio (p = 0,001). Não houve diferença estatística na continência anal entre os pacientes submetidos a fistulotomia com ou sem sedenho. Conclusão Verifica-se predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino e uma baixa incidência de recidiva e sintomas de desordens da continência anal, além de um predomínio de fístulas complexas.

Síndrome opsoclonus mioclonus paraneoplásico en pediatría: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Paraneoplastic opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome in children: case report and literature review

El síndrome opsoclonus mioclonus (SOM) es una entidad poco frecuente en pediatría que por consenso de expertos se define como aquel que cumple tres de cuatro criterios: opsoclonus, ataxia, mioclonus, alteraciones de la conducta o del sueño y diagnóstico de neuroblastoma. Frecuentemente el SOM en niños se presenta asociado a tumores de la cresta neural, siendo el neuroblastoma el más prevalente, seguido por ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma y hepatoblastoma. La asociación SOM y neuroblastoma tiene su pico de incidencia entre los 6 y 36 meses de edad y la posibilidad de que un niño con SOM tenga un neuroblastoma es de cerca del 50%. Si bien el SOM no es una patología frecuente en pediatría, su asociación con enfermedades neoplásicas sí lo es y desconocer su existencia y la presentación clínica puede llevar a demoras o subdiagnóstico del tumor con impacto negativo en el pronóstico tanto de la entidad de base como del futuro neurológico del paciente. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 15 meses con SOM asociado a ganglioneuroblastoma retroperitoneal que mejoró luego de la resección del tumor y el tratamiento con corticoides e inmunoglobulina.

Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS) is a rare condition in children, that for expert consensus is defined to be met three of the four criteria: opsoclonus, ataxia, myoclonus, behavioral disorders or sleep and diagnosis of neuroblastoma. OMS frequently occurs in children associated with neural crest tumors, the most prevalent being neuroblastoma, followed by ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, and hepatoblastoma. The OMS association and neuroblastoma has a peak incidence between 6 and 36 months of age and the possibility that a child with neuroblastoma have a OMS is about 50%. While the OMS is not a common pediatric pathology, its association with neoplastic disease is very strong and ignore its existence and clinical presentation may lead to delays or underdiagnosis of the tumor with negative impact on the prognosis of the entity base and the future neurological patient. Here we present the case of a girl of 15 months with OMS associated with retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma that improved after tumor resection and treatment with corticosteroids and immunoglobulin.

A comparative study of bivalirudin plus clopidogrel versus bivalirudin plus prasugrel in primary angioplasty using propensity score matching.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In primary angioplasty, bivalirudin is superior to treatment with heparin plus glycoprotein inhibitors for reducing cardiovascular events, although bivalirudin increases the risk of stent thrombosis. Our hypothesis is that the use of prasugrel plus bivalirudin in primary angioplasty would reduce stent thrombosis and cardiovascular events. METHOD: Consecutive patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who were treated by primary angioplasty within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms received bivalirudin plus clopidogrel (Group A) or bivalirudin plus prasugrel (Group B). We compared the groups using propensity score matching. The combined end-point was cardiac death, thrombosis, acute myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accident at 30 days. RESULTS: We assessed 168 patients. The approach was preferentially radial (95.7%). No differences in baseline characteristics were observed between Groups A (n = 70) and B (n = 70). The total mortality and rate of major bleeding complications at 30 days were 0% for both of the groups. The rate of acute and subacute thrombosis was 4.3% in Group A and 0% in Group B (P = 0.08). We observed an increased rate of events in Group A (5.7%) versus Group B (0%) (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of bivalirudin plus prasugrel in primary percutaneous coronary intervention reduces cardiovascular effects compared to bivalirudin plus clopidogrel without increasing major bleeding complications during the first 30 days following primary angioplasty performed with a preferentially radial approach.

Spontaneous splenic rupture due to dengue fever: report of two cases

Dengue is a febrile illness caused by Flavivírus and mainly transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypiti which have been a serious epidemic in Rio de Janeiro. In most of cases it was a self limited disease. We report two cases of a serious and rare complication of this viral infection.

Spontaneous splenic rupture due to dengue fever: report of two cases.

Dengue is a febrile illness caused by Flavivírus and mainly transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypiti which have been a serious epidemic in Rio de Janeiro. In most of cases it was a self limited disease. We report two cases of a serious and rare complication of this viral infection.

Hallazgos morfológicos en apéndices procesadas en el Departamento de Patología de la Universidad Industrial de Santander – E.S.E. Hospital Universitario Ramón González Valencia en el periodo 2000 – 2001 / Morphological findings in procesated appendices at the Departament of Patology of the Universidad Industrial de Santander-E.S.E. Hospital Universitario Ramón González Valencia in the period 2000-2001

Objetivo. Revisar los informes de patología en los cuales se incluía el apéndice vermiforme, con el fin de conocer la epidemiología local de la enfermedad apendicular y aportar herramientas para mejorar la precisión diagnóstica de estas entidades. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio observacional descriptivo; con recolección retrospectiva de la información. Se revisaron todos los informes de patología quirúrgica realizados entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2001 que contenían el apéndice. Resultados. De 1411 informes que contenían el apéndice (56.3% masculino), el 96.4% correspondió a apendicectomías no incidentales; en el 90.9% de estos especimenes se encontraron signos de apendicitis. En el 8.2% no se evidenció ningún tipo de proceso patológico (apendicectomías negativas); siendo más frecuente en el sexo femenino (12.3% vs 4.8%, valor de p<0.005). El 5.9% de los casos de apendicitis aguda correspondía a un proceso simple, 54.7% flemonoso y 39.4% gangrenado; la tasa de perforación total fue de 24.9%. Se encontró que a medida que avanza la edad aumenta la frecuencia de apendicitis gangrenada (p 0.016) y perforada (p<0.05). Se encontró alta prevalencia de parasitosis apendicular, especialmente E. Histolytica (2.8%). La prevalencia de neoplasias primarias fue de 0.35%; la principal fue el tumor carcinoide. Discusión. Los hallazgos coinciden en su mayoría en lo reportado; sin embargo no se contó con información clínico quirúrgica, lo cual es limitante y debe considerarse para el diseño de estudios posteriores.

Objective. To revise the pathology reports in which the appendix vermiforme was included, with the purpose of to know the local epidemiology of the illness apendicular and to contribute tools to improve the diagnostic precision of these entities. Materials and methods. It is a descriptive observational study; with retrospective gathering of the information. All the reports of surgical pathology were revised carried out among January 1 2000 and December 31 2001 that contained the appendix. Results. Of 1411 reports that contained the appendix (56.3 masculine%), 96.4% corresponded to non incidental apendicectomías; in 90.9% of these specimens they were appendicitis signs. In 8.2% any type of pathological process was not evidenced (negative apendicectomías); being more frequent in the feminine sex (12.3% vs 4.8%, value of p <0.005). 5.9% of the cases of sharp appendicitis corresponded to a simple process, 54.7% flemonoso and 39.4 gangrened%; the rate of total perforation was of 24.9%. it was found that as the age advances the frequency of gangrened appendicitis it increases (p 0.016) and perforated (p <0.05). it was high prevalencia of parasitosis apendicular, especially E. Histolytica (2.8%). The prevalencia of primary neoplasias was of 0.35%; the main one was the tumor carcinoide.Discussion. The discoveries coincide in their majority in that reported; however he/she didn't have surgical clinical information, that which is restrictive and it should be considered for the design of later studies.